2 Samuel 11:13

Authorized King James Version

And when David had called him, he did eat and drink before him; and he made him drunk: and at even he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but went not down to his house.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּקְרָא
had called
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#2
ל֣וֹ
H0
#3
דָוִ֗ד
And when David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#4
וַיֹּ֧אכַל
him he did eat
to eat (literally or figuratively)
#5
לְפָנָ֛יו
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#6
וַיֵּ֖שְׁתְּ
and drink
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
#7
וַֽיְשַׁכְּרֵ֑הוּ
him and he made him drunk
to become tipsy; in a qualified sense, to satiate with a stimulating drink or (figuratively) influence
#8
וַיֵּצֵ֣א
he went out
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#9
בָעֶ֗רֶב
and at even
dusk
#10
לִשְׁכַּ֤ב
to lie
to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
#11
בְּמִשְׁכָּבוֹ֙
on his bed
a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse
#12
עִם
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#13
עַבְדֵ֣י
with the servants
a servant
#14
אֲדֹנָ֔יו
of his lord
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
#15
וְאֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#16
בֵּית֖וֹ
to his house
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#17
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#18
יָרָֽד׃
but went not down
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 2 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 2 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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